Method of treating ores and the like.



N. C. CHRISTENS'BN, JR. METHOD 0F TREATING. oms AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.1, 1912. 1,058,034, Patented Apr. 8; 1913.

: 1. uc ufl-fot -Ji W uniriansraras PATENT' carica.

NIELs c. cHnr'srENsnN, Jn., or sAL'fr LAKE CITY, UTAH.

METHOD OF TREATING ORES AND THE LIKE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Salt Lake and State of Utah, have invented certain new and `useful Improvements in Methods of TreatingOres and the Like, of which the following isa full, clear, and

' exact description;

'containing the rarer meta This invention relates to a novel method of treating orcs or other metal bearing material, or minerals, to extract, or to prepare forthe subsequent extraction of metals or elements therefrom, ,and in Vits broadest 'aspeet-s is applicable to either oxidizing, re-

ducing, chloridizing or sulfatizing processes', or to combinations of these; or for volatilizing metals or elements present in such materials, The method is more particularly' intended for use in treatin low grade ores Silch as gold, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt; but is economif l cally' applicable in many cases for treating the ores ofarsenic, lead, zinc and other, baser metals; so'that I donot desireto be limited t0 any. the gra e of the ores or' material treated.

The invention contemplates the heating and cooling ofores and the like in such manner that the duration of the treatment and indeed of the'successive 'stepsjthereof may be determined to a n icty, while the character of thef'atmosphere or gaseous medium with which the substance or substances treated are in contact,during such succes. sive steps,together with the temperatures of the successive operations, may also be accurately determined. Thus, bywa of illustration, it is possible by means o the herein described method and apparatus to heatv a mass of ore tobe treated at subst-antially a,

having different characteristics from thatto which the mass wasr'st subjected; the tem-v perature, atmospheres and duration of the successive steps being under the positive control, if desired, ofthe operator.

My method further aims at securin .a

veir high heatefcieney with substantie ya minimum consumpticinjofY fuel, conservarticular metal or metals; nor to ing much of the heat 'energy heretofore wasted or lost in the ores and gases discharged from ore treating apparatus.

My invention, further, contemplates 'the treatment of ore with various reagents to prepare it for leaching out with suitable solvents 'or reagents,.or otherwise obtaining therefrom, the metal values contained thereals, elements, or ,compounds .preparatory to collecting them for subsequent treatment, or for use in leachingthe-res. f

will be hereinafter referred to and the steps vof the novel rocess whereby they may be attained will in the-claims appended hereto.

In he draw-ings which form a part designate like parts throughout the Aseveral views, lI 'have exemplified a preferred form of ap aratus wherein my novel'process may `be eiflctuated. It will b e understood, howbut one of many which may be used; and I do not desire to be limited thereto in any way. f Y

I am also aware that various changes and without departing` from'th'e 'spirit of my in vention, and I accordingly wish to be limited only by the scope o claims.

Referring vto theA drawings: Figure 1 is a -verticalI section of what I term a twohorizontal sectionof said furnace, drawn to a larger scale, the section being taken on line II-II of Fig. 1; portions'of the grating shown beingbroken away for purposes of illustration, Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail section -of said grating.

The shaft 1 of the furnace preferably consists of an outer casin'gQ and a lining 3,

saidshaft beingv of any desired cross-section; s nare being preferred. set ofpipes 4, o which there arctliree' in thel present case, maybe used for introducingfuel, steam, air

These and other objects of my invention lllezlelfv of and in which like reference characters s modifications" may be made in my process' or hot gases, etc., vinto the" shaft, between an Patented Apr. 8,1913. Aliication filed March 1 1912. serial No. 580,836.

' in; or to reduce the/metal or metals to the metallic state before concentration with suitt able apparatus; or to volatilize certainmetmore particularly set forth v'even-that the hereindescribed ,apparat-us is the said appended .y

stage furnace; the section being taken on' line I--I'of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a .transverse thelatter of suitable lrefractory material,

upper grate, broadly designated and a lower grate, similarly designated 6; while a second set of pipes 7, disposedbelow'the' i lower grate 6, may be used for introducing relatively cold air or fuel gas, etc., if desired.- Below the shaft is a hopper 8 provided with a discharge gate 9, whereby thetreated ore or metalliferous matter, which accumulates in the hopper may be dischargedat the de.-

A sisting of a series of spaced, dat bars; a

lower `grating 11, of similar construction,

but with the spaces between the barsstaglso gered with respect to those between thebars -wo'f grating 10; and an intermediate shifting grating 12. The disposition and action of these parts is such that ore which falls toward the grating 10, partially penetrates the in'terstices or spaces between 'the bars thereof, and accordingly is supported partly upon said bars and partl upon the bars of the lower grating 11. hen the intermediate grating is reciprocated, vthis ore feeds down by gravity through the grate, regarded as a whole; the cross -members of the intermediate grating pushing ore laterally olf from the bars of grating 11, rst in one direction and 'then in the other. As' the grating 12 is preferably moved continuousl lslowly or rapidly, to and fro, the ore fee s through slowly orrapidly, as the case may be; and the rate or rates at which it passes through the grates 5 and 6 may hence be quite accurately determined, and, indeed, somewhatl independently in each case, if desired.

The gratings 12 are each provided with a rojection 13 by means of which they may Ee reciprocated; such reciprocation preterablybeing accomplished by means of suitable /mechanism; which latter 'of course forms no part of the herein described process, and t erefore need not be further considered. lt should be noted, however, 4that the grate construction shown is adapted to I"feed ore therethrou h quite uniformly over Athe entire surface o the grate; the ore being prevented from caking in any suitable manner.`

ll `The] furnace may be heated in various ways, for eXample,-as by means.` of -fuel gas Y y moneXid'or-orl gas; and I have-shown la series oit'ifuelfgas pipes or burnerslfi das osed of-any-suitable description-such as carbon .atintervals racross the 'shaft prefera'b y betweenfthe grate's andil If desired a second set-*ofburnersl' may be provided below that under :theater the second stage. l When in use, the jets of I fuel gas emerge downwardly 'from these pipes and spurt laterally and then upwardly toward the respective grate or grate's. It will bel-understood, however, that the source or kind of fuel is immaterial in so far as the process in its broadest aspects' is concerned. Some of the pipes 14 or 15 may also be used to introduce steam or other reagents as required; or such reagents may be introduced through the air pipes 4 or 7.

rlhe process may be carried out as follows: Assuming that ore is the material to be treated, it is crushed to a suitable size, varying from, let us say, one half inch to a relatively fine powder. This crushed or relatively nely divided ,ore may then, if desired, be mixed with suitable reagents for chloridizing, etc., or wit-h material to cause the finer ore to cake somewhat. lf the ore is to be chloridized, common salt and pyrite for example, may be mixed with it; or if it is to b e sulfatized, sodium sulfate and pyrite,

or-iron sulfate, may be used. yLime will aid in caking the vfiner ore-and dust,rbut 'this substance is used merely as a binder, whereas common salt and sodium sulfate, for example', are usable'not only in forming the conglomerate and to prevent dusting; butI further maybe of use chemically in the process, as above indicated. The crushed ore, or-

the mixture of ore and reagents may be moistened with enough water( referably'l epxending t varying from 5 to ll per cent," on the nature of the re) to cause e finer ore to lform small lumps when dried and thus give an open charge and lessen the dusting when charged dry; or to give a'permeablecharge and prevent dustin when wet.`

The ore is then dried or not as t e case may be, the advantage of drying being that possibly three or four times as much dried ma- -terial may be handled to advantage in a furnace in a given period as when such material has not been so treated. llt is, however, inadvisable to dry in all cases since acertain amount of moisture revents dusting. Whether the ore should he dried or not, therefore depends upon its condition. The ore, preferably screened, is then fed into the shaft of the furnace from the top, and nds temporary lodgment upon the upper grate 5. lt is however gradually passed through this grate at a rate to be determined by the operator, and falls down onto the second sta e or grate 6; from whence it is dgradual yV passed into the hopper 8. rlhe ownward dow of the ore' through grates 5 and 6 may bedid'erent in certain cases; and. thus ore may be accumulated to some extent on the second stage or grating; or, vice versa, the second stage may have but a small quantity' of ore-under treatment thereon compared to oing treatment `on the u er en# the hopper has been ed grating. l."

or artially iilled 'it maybe emptied or par- 'l of proper thickness has been deposited'on the upper grating and that said ore is to be heated and cooled entirely in .an oxidizing atmosphere; the 'process may be eii'eotuated in either of the following'wa s:

(l) Hot air may be supplied through the pipes '4 until the ore ilpon the upper grate or stage is heated to a determined temperature, effecting the oxidation of matters lor substances in said ores. This treated ore is then fed continuously, if desired, through said grate, and falls upon the second grate .or upon the mass of ore collected thereilpon.

Assuming, now that after the accumulation of a layer of hot ore of -.proper thickness upon the second stage has been eiected, the ore is, delivered through the apparatus continually, at 'the same rate past 'each grate. The hot air blast may then be shut ofi, or partly shut off, as the case may be, and cold air is forced or drawn through the pipes 7 ivhich air passing up, as it must, through the oxidized and still highly heated bed or layer of loose ore u on the lower ate, abstracts heat from sai ore and itself ecomes highly heated before/it encounters the ore upon the upper stage, 'and this vwithout materially re'- ducing its content ,fof oxygen. This. rocedure saves a very'great 'percentage o heat in the ore upon the second stage, which v `Would otherwise be wasted, While hastening the cooling ofsaid ore. The 'supply of cold air through the ipes 7 and the supply and temperature of t e hot'air through the pipes 4, may beso proportioned-as to heat the ore upon the upper grate tothe desired'temperaturebefore it falls t'o the secondgrate; and

the length of time which the ore is subjected to :this treatment V4In`a'y, of course, be pro erly regulated the specifi of operation o the grates'; y'the 'operatoryarying the `lengthof stroke and numb 'df 'Stwkes per mit 'qi through iure time, as'needed. c (2')."If gas or `oil, i's used instead of hot ai'r', the] process is 'merely changed as fola'ir forced inthrough pipe's'iysaid air being i'n "excess oftli'at 'required 'to support the combustion of fthejfuel. ,"Here again, the incoming air is'fleatedas itpassesthrou'gh the. hot ore upon the second stage, 'and hence the proper ""fdatiqn jef 'the .upon the appastegennry testimonia-@renacenpassinginto the hopper 'maybe continf nous -the same percentage. Thus, for example, at

the

the copper.

pipes 14, and isburned inthe omy o'f fuel. The temperature 'may be regulated by the amount of fuel gas, for example, delivered through pipes 14:, and by the air entering the lower extremity of the shaft.

The modes of eifectuating my novel process, just described, are particularlyV applicable 'to such metalliferous materials as the relatively low grade Telluride ores from Cripple Creek, which after oxidation, 'as per the foregoing, give an extraction of from 95 to 99 per cent. upon 'treat-ment with cyanide. Theyare also applicable `to base gold ores, such las those from Mercur, Utah, which yield from 85 to 90 per cent. by cyanid; and I may here observe that the preparation of such ores preparatory to cyaniding or other leaching process, Which I accomplish in substantially one operation, requires a plurality of operations in all other processes With which I am acquainted, in order to obtain Cripple Creek the ore is first roasted in a reverberatory furnace, a'nd then cooled in cyl` inders 'with Water spray. The coarse gold is then removed by amalgamation and the fine gold, finally, by cyaniding. Silver-gold ores, from Tintic, Utah, for example, arev preferably subjected to chloridizing in accordance 'with the foregoing, and I find that such ores Will after treatment by my novel process, give an extraction of from 90 to 98 per cent. upon cyaniding. Similarly chloridize'd silver-gold-copper` ores, containing values of three dollars in gold and silver with one and a half per cent. copper, upon being leached with acid solution from the, roast, give an extraction of from 93 to 95 per cent. of the l'gold and silver, and approximately 95 per cent. ofthe copper. I have also chloridized suliid ores of copper from Bingham, Utah; and Nevvhouse, Utah; said orescontaining from one half to tWo and one half per cent. copper. In thesev ail ich

ich

cases, upon leachi'n with solutions containing the acid fumes rom the roast, I obtained an extractionof'from 95 to '99 'per cent. of Nickel ores containing 2 per cent. nickel, .when chloridized` .as per the foregoing, and leached with'the acid solution as before, yield -an extraction of Afrom 80'to 95 percent. Suld ores, lsulfatized 'as er the foregoing, and subsequently leached with the 'acid solution, give 'an extraction of 'from 8O to 85 per cent.

Where the ore is to be heated entirely in areducin atmosphere the process is carried out-as ollows:

(3). Fuel gas, for example, maybe de- .livered throughthe pipes 15, andpa'sses up ,v through the ore u- 'on the lovverl grate; while m5 air is introduced t rough pipes A4,' andburns a portion of the gas as it emerges from the ore upon the Asecond' stage, leaving enough, hcwever,`to maintain a reducing 'atmosphere in fthe ere 'upon the upper grate.' The supply of air and fuel gas are so proportioned as to secure the roper temperatur@ and ren ducing atmosp ere. As evidencing the value of this phase of my process, which is particularl applicable to ores of copper, nickel, lea zinc, etc., preparatoryl to concentration, I have found as .the result ofl tests that certain oxidized ores of copper in sand-stone upon being reduced and concentrated give an extraction o f from 65 to 75 per cent. Promisingresults have also been obtained in chloridizing ores of zinc, and in reducingand concentrating oxidized ores of lead, nickel, copper, etc. .If it be desired to treat the ore first 1n`an oxidized atmosphere and then in a reducing atmosphere, the process will be edectuated as follows: (4c). Fuel gas,.for example, l'may be introduced throu h the ipes l5, and air through tipipes et and g the ulk of the air being de,

livered through ipes 7, however. The gas passes throught e ore upon the lower grate and isV burned rincipally in .the air sup plied between t e grates or stages; and the quantities of air and gas admitted are so proportioned and re lated .that the ore upon the. upper grate'ls subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere whilethat on the lower grate is maintained in a reducing atmosoxidized and thenv reduced as per the foregoing, and after concentration. ln general, the combined oxidation and reducing steps above referred to are adapted for use in treating the sulfid ores, not only gf copper, but/also of nickel, lead, zinc, etc., preparator to concentration.

5). lt a reducing atmosphere is desired in the upper stage or step and an oxidizing l atmosphere in the lower stage, air may be admitted through the lower pipes 7, and fuel gas, for example, may be introduced at the upper pipes 14, in such relative propor tions and amounts that only part of the fuel gas is burned and the residue together with the products and partial products of com bustion, pass up through the ore upon the upper grate, at the proper temperature. v

l am of the opinion that the efficiency of the process in oxidizing is due to the very intimate contact of the heated gases with the ores; 'since in all other furnaces,

with which l. am acquainted, the gases come in Contact only more or less superficially with theores. The same holdsltrue in the case of the reducin ducinggases when andled, together with action, where the re-` noeaoea i the ore to bel treated, inI accordance with my' whole, is due not only to the intimate contact.

of the ore with the gaseous reagents; but

\ to the fact that the temperature in each step of the operation may be most accurately controlled; while the matters to be treated may be subjected to such temperature for practically just the length of time which 1s bestv suited to eect the desired reaction or reactions. 'Ihese desirable v features and characteristics of the processare, in considerable.

measure, made possible by the novel way in which the ore or material treated is divided -up into a plurality of preferably superposed,

spacedmasses. y'llhis permits of the introduction of heating or cooling agents, and

.chemical reagents, therebetween and into most intimate contact therewith, in the manner, foi-'the time, and at the temperature or temperatures desired; while e'ecting, also, a reduction Vin the loss of heat to a minimum. This `latter is due not only to the imparting of heat from the treated ores to the ascending relatively cool gaseous material (whether the latter be air or fuel); but furtherto the effecting of stron exothermic reactions directly -within an throughout the mass of the already partly heated gaseous medium,

and preferably while said medium is traversing' the space between the upper and lowerV stages. f

Practical tests have demonstrated thesuccess and eliiciency of this process of heating ores in' stages at temperatures and for periods under the positive control ot the o erator, and in atmospheres adapted to t e particular kinds of orestreated; andfboth the process and apparatus tor the above named uses give promise oltawide field of application, particularly inthe treatment of low grade ores. The term stages may be used to cover not alone the'actual supports or gratings upon which the ore'masses'rest, but may also be applied to theperiods. or steps in the processa j i f 4 While l have illustrated a two stage apparatus and process, ll do not ited to such number, since it is obvious that the principle may be extended. 'lhe interrupted advance of the ore mass along its wish to belimpath of travel through'the apparatus described vmay be regarded as a step-bystep motion and has been so defined in certain ot the claims. Finally, I desire it to be uliderstood thattheterms gas vor gaseousma` Having described my vinventiornl claim;4

l. The'. method of treating metalliterous material, which comprises establishing ageneral downward flow of a stream of the material to be treated by' stages, accelerating the` rate of flow of said materialbetween stages, and retarding it at said. stages, to provide a gap between stages, subjecting the material present in stages of diii'erent elevations to contact with gaseous reagents having markedly diii'erent temperatures, and passing the gaseous reagent surrounding some of said material in onev stage on to another of said stageswhile introducing additional reactive4 matter into said last mentioned gaseous reagent.

2. The method of treating metalliferous material, ,which comprises establishing a movement of the material to be treated through a determined path at alternately relatively slow and-rapid rates, subjecting the material disposed at diiierent portions of said path to contact with gaseous matters having markedly diierent temperatures, and passing the gaseous matter surrounding some of said metallierous material disposed at one point in said path and which constitutes the atmosphere for said material at said point, over to another point in said path while introducing a metallurgical reagent into said last mentioned gaseous matter to form 'an atmosphere for the metalliferous material at said second point, said last mentioned atmosphere having different characteristics from those of said rst mentioned atmosphere. y

3. vThe method of treating metalliferous material which comprises establishing a variable and step by step movement of the mass of material to be treated through-a determined ath, subjecting the material disposed at iierent portions of said path to contact with gaseous matters having markedly` diierent temperatures, and passing the aseous matter surrounding some of said metalliferous material disposed at one point in said path and which constitutes the atmosphere or'said material at .said point,

over to another point in said path while me- 1 chanically introducing a metallurgical re- --agent extraneous to sald mass into said last mentioned gaseous matter to form an atmospherelfor the metalliferous material at said second point, said last mentioned atmosphere having different characteristics from phere.

those ofsaid-rst mentioned atmos- 4. The method of` treating .metalliferousmaterial whichV comprises establishing a halting and step by step movement of a mass of material to be treated, through a determined ath, subjecting the material dis-- posed at vi'erent portions of said pathto contact with different atmospheres, at markedly dierent temperatures, andconverting' 'gne-of said atmospheres into another by in-4 troducing tha-'ante areaaent @arable Of.

said mass. v

5. The' method of treating metalliferous material, which comprises establishing .a halting and step by step movement ofa mass of material to be treated, through a determined path, subjecting the material disposed at diierent portions of said path to contact with diiferent atmospheres, at markone ofsaid atmospheres into another by introducing thereinto a gaseous reagent .capable of acting upon ingredients of saidy mass to be treated, said reagent being extraneous to said mass.

6. The method of treatin prises establishing a fiow o a' mass of ore in stages, subjecting said ore while in one stage, and when heated, to intimate contact wlth matter directly through t e mass of ore in said stage and imparting heat to said matter from said ore, andthereafter subjecting another quantity of said orey; while in a st-age .prior to that above referred to, to contact with the so heated gaseous matter.

7.` The method of treat-ing ore which comprises establishing a' ilow of a mass ofore in stages, subjecting said ore while in one stage, and when heated, to intimate contact with relatively cool gaseous matter .by flowing the bul-k of said matter directly through the mass of ore in saidstage and 1m arting heat to said matter from said ore, a ding a metallurgical reagent t the so heated gaseo us matter, and subjecting another quantity agent and saidy aseous matter.

8. The metho of treating ore whichcomprises establishing a flow of ore in stages, while subjecting said ore in diiferent stages to the action of gaseous materials, one of said materials belng free oxygen and anwhen heated, being brou htinto intimate contact withone at least o sald gaseous maheat to the latter, said intimatenontact being effected by owing the bulk of said last mentioned gaseous materlal directly through the mass o ore in said sta e, addlng a second ofsaid gaseous materia s to the so heatbringing another-quantity of said ore,while in a 'stage prior to that above referred to, into int1mate contact Y with said mixed gaseous materials;v v

'9, The process of treating ores which comprises successively subjectin the ore to be heating a quantity of said ore through the instrumentality of a hot vgaseous medium, .in @first stage @ad @aber e a0 Previously edly different temperatures, and converting gaseous matter by flowing,l the bulk of saidother being a fuel, said ore in one stage, andl terials and. caused to impart considerableed first mentioned, gaseous material, and

treated to heating and coo ing vactions by` acting upon ingredients of said.` mass to be treated, said reagent' being extraneous to' ore which comtti vr'ectly through the mass of ore in said second stage, and converting the last mentioned and now partly heated gaseous .Ine-

dium into the hot gaseous medium aforesaid by reacting upon portions thereof with a reagent'adapted to react exothermically therewith, said reagent being introduced between said stages. j

1G. The process of treating ores which comprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to heating and cooling actions by heating a quantity of said ore through the instrumentality of `a hot gaseous me-y diuin, and cooling a -so reviously heated quantity of said ore by bringing it into contact with a relatively cool gaseous medium by owin the bulli of the latter directly throu h te mass oi said previously heated ore, t ereby partly heating saidlast mentioned gaseous medium, and converting said now partly heated gaseous medium into the hot gaseous medium aforesaid by reacting upon portions thereof-with a rea ent adapte ed to react e'xothermically therewith. j

11. The process 'of vtreating ores which comprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to heating and cooling actions by heating a quantity of said ore through the instrumentality ot 'a hotv gaseous niediuin .in a'rststage and cooling a so previously heated quantity of said ore in a second stageby bringin said ore'into contact with a relatively coo gaseous medium and thereby `partly .heating the latter by passing the bulk. of said cool gaseous medium directly through the'mass ot. said ore in said second stage, and converting the last mentioned and now partly heated aseous medium into the hot gaseous me iuxn aforesaid byreacting u on portions thereof with` a reagent adaptel to `react exotherniically therewith,I said reagent being introducedbetween said stages, said hotgaseous medium adapted to provide an oxidizing atmosphere tor said ore inthe rst stage.

l2. The process or treating ores which comprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to heatingand cooling actions by heating a quantity 'of said ore through the instrumentality ot a .hot gaseous medium in a rststage and materially cooling a so previously heated quantity lot said ore in a second stage 'b'1 bringing said ore into' contact with a re atively cool gaseous medium, thereby partly heating the latter, and converting. .the last mentioned and now partly heated gaseous medium into the hot gaseous 4medium aforesaid by reacting upon portions thereof with a reagent adapted to.

nuance/i in a first stage, and coolin to a marked extent a so previously heate uantity of said ore in a second stage, by bringing said ore intocontact with a relatively cool gaseous 'medium and thereby partly heating the lata j ter, and converting the last mentioned and now partly heated gaseous medium into the hot gaseous medium aforesaid by reacting upon portions thereof with a reagent adapted to react exotherrnically therewith, said reagent ,being introduced between saidstages, said relatively cool gaseousmedium adapted to provide a reducing atmosphere for said ore in saidfsecond stage.

14. The process of treating ores which comprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to heating and cooling actions by heating a quantity of said ore through the instrumentality of. av hot gaseous medium,` in a first stage, and materially cooling a so previously heated uantity of said ore, in a second stage, by i ringing it into contact with a relatively cool gaseous medium and thereby partly heatin the latter by passing the bulk of said coo gaseous medium directly through the mass of Said ore in said second stage,V and converting the last mentioned and nowV partly heated gaseous Ine- -dium into the hot gaseous Imedium afore-v said by reacting upon portions thereof-with a reagent adapted to react ex otherrnically therewith, said reagent being introduced between said stages, one oit said gaseous mediums being adaptedtoprovide an oxidizing atmosphere for the ore in one ot said stages. v

15. l'llhe process of treating ores which comprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to heating and cooling actions by heating a quantit ci said ore through the instrumentality o a hot gaseous medium, in a first stage, and materiall lowering the temperature of a so previous y heated quantity of' said ore, in a second stage, by bringing said ore into contact with a relatively cool gaseous medium land thereby partly heating the latter'by passing the bulla ofv said cool gaseous medium directly through the mass ot said ore in said second stage,

andl converting the last mentioned and now.

partlyheated gaseous medium into the hot gaseous medium aforesaid by reacting upon portions thereof with a reagent adapted 'td 'isc ` of said gaseous mediumsV being adapted to provide a reducing atmosphere for the ore 1n one of said stages.

16. The process of treating ores which comprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to heating and cooling actions by heating a quantity of said ore through the instrumentality of a hot gaseous medium,

in a first stage, and materially cooling a so previously heated quantity of saidore, in a second stage, by bringing said ore into contact with a relatively cool gaseous medium and thereby partly heating the latter by passing the bulk of said cool -gaseous medium directly through the mass of said ore in said second stage, and converting the last mentioned and now partly heated ase- .p tact with the ore in the cooling stage, theref heating said last mentioned ous medium into the hot gaseous me ium aforesaid. by reacting upon portions thereof with a reagent adapted to react exorthermically therewith, said reagent being introduced between said stages, one of said gaseous mediums being adapted to provide an oxidizing atmosphere for the ore in one of said stages, and the other 'of said gaseous mediums being adapted to provide a reducing atmosphere for the ore in the other of sald stages.

l 17. The process of treating ores which comprises subjecting ore toa heating at mosphere in a heating stage, and thereafter subjecting said ore to a cooling atmosphere in a cooling stage, the` latter by passing relatively cool gas directly through and in Iconby also partly gas, owlng t e so partly heated gas toward the ore in said first. stage, and further heating said gas by effecting exothermic reac'- tions in the mass thereof during its passage between stages, whereby to form the heatin atmos hereaforesaid.v

18. he process of ltreating ores which vcomprises successively subjecting the ore to be treated to lheating and cooling actions by heating a quantity'of said ore through the instrumentality of a hot gaseous medium, ,ina first age, and materially cooling a so previously heated uantit-y of said ore, 1n a second stage, by bringing said ore mto contact'with a relatively cool gaseous medium and thereby partl heating the latter by passing the bulk-o said cool gaseous medium directly through the mass of said ore in said second stage and converting the last mentioned and now partly heated gaseous medium into the hot gaseous medium aforesaid by introducing a heat yielding metallurgical reagent thereinto; said reagent being introduced between said stages.

19. The process of treating comprises successively subjectlng the ore to be treated to heating and cooling actions by heating a quantity of said ore through the instrumentality of a hot gaseous medium, in a first stage, and materially cooling a so previously heated quantity ofsaid ore, in a second stage, by bringing? it into contact with a relatively cool gaseous medium and thereb'ypartly heating the 'latter by passing the bulk of said cool gaseous medium `di,

rectlythrough the mass of said ore in said second stage, and converting the last mentioned and now partly heated gaseous medium into the-hot gaseous medium aforesaid by introducing a heat yielding metallurgical reagent thereinto, said reagentbe- 1n lntroduced, between said stages, one of sald gaseous mediumsbeing adapted to pro- NIELS C. CHRISTENSEN, JR.

Witnesses: CHAs. P. HIDDEN M.'CHAPIN.

ores which 

